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The increasing prevalence of obesity in children worldwide has been a global healthy issue.It is important to identify the effect of fat mass on the bone, which contributes to promote the peak bone mass and prevent osteo-porosis-induced fracture.Body mass index (BMI), as an index to evaluate the state of obesity, is simple and easy to measure, and is suitable for self-test of a large range of people.This review aims to discuss the role of BMI in evaluating the interaction between obesity and bone density, and the predictive potential in fracture risk of children.
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Objective To evaluate the rat brain pharmacokinetics of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate (TMPP) after intranasal administration.Methods The pharmacokinetic behavior of TMPP in rat brain was investigated after intranasal or intravenous administration (10mg?kg-1) of TMPP.Brain samples were collected by intracerebral microdialysis.The concentration of TMPP in the sample was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and analyzed by Das 2.0 pharmacokinetic software.Results The results showed that two administration methods were all fitted to one compartment model.The absorption of TMPP from the nasal cavity to brain was rapid.The concentration-time curve showed a prolonged duration of TMPP concentration in the brain after intranasal administration.AUC0-∞values were (698.26?122.59)?g?min?mL-1 in intranasal group and (446.25?107.44)?g?min?mL-1 in intravenous group,and the difference was significant between the two groups (P
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Objective To study the characteristic of in-vivo nasal mucosa absorption of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate(TMPP) liposome in rats. Methods Nasal circulatory perfusion method in rats was used to study the effects of different circulatory rates and TMPP concentrations on nasal mucosa absorption of TMPP liposome. Nasal mucosa absorption rate constants of TMPP liposomes and TMPP solutions at the same concentration were also compared. Results The absorption rate constant of TMPP liposomes was increased with the increase of circulatory rates at the range of 1.2～2.4 mL/min and with the increase of TMPP concentrations at the range of 0.245～0.98 mg/mL. Both the absorption rate constant and absorbed amount of TMPP for TMPP liposomes were higher than those for TMPP solutions at the same concentration. Conclusion The nasal mucosa absorption of TMPP liposome was complete as compared with that of TMPP solution.
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Objective To detect the in-vitro recovery of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate (TMPP) in microdialysis probe and to study its stability. Methods The recovery of TMPP was detected by concentration difference method (increment method and decrement method ). The effect of flow rates and concentrations on recovery was studied. Results The recovery detected by increment method was as the same as that detected by decrement method; TMPP recovery was independent of TMPP concentration in the external medium. TMPP recovery had good stability. Conclusion Microdialysis sampling can be used for the pharmacokinetic study of TMPP and decrement method (ie. retrodialysis) can be used for the determination of TMPP recovery.
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Objective: To study the correlation of pharmacokinetics(PK) and pharmacodynamics(PD) of Sini Decoction (SND) (Radix Aconiti Praeparata, Rhizoma Zingiberis, Radix Glycyrrhizae, etc.) and reveal the compatibility of SND. Methods: Using the drug serums from the same source, we determined the plasma concentration in vivo in dog and the pharmacological effects at the same time inspected by the contents of aconitine type alkaloids and nitric oxide (NO). Results: The data of PK and PD can be both described by one compartment open model with first order absorption in vivo in dog and the parameters of two methods are similar. The results show that the effective fraction of SND gives a prompt and lasting effect in accordance with characteristic function of SND. Conclusion: A good correlation exists in SND of the parameters between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
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Objective: To study the purification of Sini Decoction (SND) with macroporous resin D 101 . Methods: SND was isolated and purified by macroporous resin D 101 . The purification of SND was evaluated by chemical and pharmacological methods. Results: The thin layer chromatograms, high performance liquid chromatograms of the SND purification and those of SND were almost the same; also the SND purification can significantly promote the content of nitric oxide (NO) in serum of mice treated by Metaraminol. Conclusion: The SND purification can keep the active ingredients of SND.